Lowrider culture is a movement that combines modified cars, art, and community identity that emerged in the mid-20th century in the Mexican-American communities of California. This culture has now become known not only in the United States but around the world, with deep social and cultural roots.

The roots of lowrider culture date back to the post-World War II period, when Mexican-American veterans began customizing their cars to drive „low and slow” – a contrast to the hot rod culture that was optimized for speed. The movement, which began in the 1940s, provided Mexican-American communities with an opportunity for cultural self-expression at a time when Latino communities faced widespread discrimination and racism. Lowriders became more than just a means of transportation, they became a source of artistic expression and community pride.

Chicanos initially put cement bags in the trunk to lower down the back of the car due to the weight. However, a California law (Section 24008 of the California Vehicle Code) introduced in 1958 prohibited the modification of cars to make them lower, which did not stop the movement, but only made the participants more innovative. The 1950s and 60s were the heyday of lowrider culture, when cars began to be modified using hydraulic parts from old airplanes. If a police officer passed by, they simply raised their ride hight. However, the police continued to fight against Chicanos. In 1988, another law was passed that prohibited cruising. What was cruising? Passing the same stretch of road at least twice within 6 hours. Essentially, it was up to the police to decide. This law was not repealed until 2024.

The basic characteristic of a lowrider is a low-slung chassis, often equipped with hydraulic or pneumatic suspension, allowing the car’s height to be adjusted. Lowriders can be grouped according to several aspects:

1. By construction style:
   – Old school or „bomb” style: Modification of cars manufactured in the 1940s, 50s and 60s
   – New school style: Modification of models manufactured in the 80s and 90s
2.  By construction purpose:
   – Cruising lowriders: Versions optimized for smooth, slow driving
   – Hopping lowriders: Cars equipped with extreme hydraulics capable of acrobatic height changes
3. By vehicle type:
   – Classic American cars (e.g. Chevrolet Impala, Cadillac Fleetwood)
   – Lowrider bicycles (for younger generations)
   – Pickup trucks (e.g. GMC Sonoma)
   
   One of the best-known lowrider models is the Chevrolet Impala, which, thanks to its X-shaped frame, was particularly suitable from the get-go for lowering and installing hydraulic systems.
   Lowrider culture is much more than simple car customization. It is a multi-generational tradition that strengthens family bonds and fosters community pride.
   Although lowrider culture was originally associated with the Mexican-American communities of Southern California, it has now become an international phenomenon. It is particularly strong in New Mexico, where Espańola is considered the „Lowrider Capital of the World.” The culture has also spread to Japan, where an estimated 200 active lowrider clubs operate.

In the 21st century, lowrider culture has experienced a resurgence, fueled by generational transmission and pride in Latino history. Despite the expensive customizing of cars, younger generations are keeping the tradition alive in creative ways (such as through lowrider bicycles).

Lowrider culture is a complex social and artistic movement that goes beyond the customization of transportation. It is a living testament to the resilience, creativity, and cultural identity of the Mexican-American community, which has been able to survive and evolve over generations while becoming global. A lowrider is more than just a car – it’s a lifestyle, an art form, and a tool for community cohesion.